基于三维结构的胡杨茎生长模型的研究与可视化

植物生长模拟研究,是利用计算机仿真技术来模拟现实中植物的生长状态。论文以胡杨生长数据为基础,通过实验分析,推出了胡杨树高与胸径之间的关系,提出一种基于三维结构的胡杨茎生长模型,并运用3DMax技术实现胡杨茎生长模拟的可视化,同时给出了从不同角度模拟胡杨茎生长的状态图,从而全面反映了胡杨茎的生长模拟。     

Carrying capacity for finfish aquaculture. Part I—Near-field semi-analytic solutions

The ecosystem carrying capacity for aquaculture cage farming in South Australia is based on guidelines that the maximum feed rates (and farmed fish biomass) be determined such that the concentration c of a given dissolved nutrient does not exceed a prescribed value (say c_P). The problem then is one of relating the nutrient flux F, due to feeding, to the tracer concentration c. To this end the evolution of concentration is modelled using the depth-averaged advection–diffusion equation for a constant source flux F over a finite area cage (or lease) and for both constant and time dependent (tidal) velocities. The divergence theorem is applied to this equation to obtain a new scale estimate of the relation between the flux F and the maximum concentration c_max of a nutrient in the cage region: c_max ≈ F·T*, where T* is a time scale of cage “flushing” that involves both advection and diffusion. The maximum allowed nutrient flux F (and carrying capacity of fish biomass) can then be simply estimated from: F ≈ c_P/T*. New semi-analytic solutions of the advection–diffusion equation for a finite (cage) source are then derived to explore the physics of concentration evolution for constant and tidally varying currents, and to show that the estimate c_max ≈ F·T* is surprisingly robust and generally within 40% of the exact values for a wide set of advective/diffusive parameters. The results generally should find application in other finite source flux problems in the coastal oceans including desalination plants and waste water outfalls.     

Associations of fish with various types of littoral habitats in reservoirs

Fish associations with different types of littoral habitats were studied in four canyon‐shaped reservoirs in the Czech Republic in years 2010 and 2011 by gillnets. Two to three habitats per reservoir–beaches (former meadows), stump fields (former forest) and rubble slopes–were defined and sampled along the longitudinal axis of reservoirs. Effects of reservoir, habitat and locality (position along longitudinal axis) on fish biomass, abundance and species structure were tested for juvenile and adult fish separately. Hierarchical analysis of variance revealed that habitats differed significantly in fish biomass and abundance. Redundancy analysis showed that analysed environmental variables had significant influence on fish community structure. Most variability in community structure was explained by reservoir and then by combination of habitat and slope steepness. Locality position had the smallest influence on community structure. For both adult and juvenile fish total abundance and biomass, the most inhabited habitat was beaches; rubble slopes were the least inhabited. Habitat associations differed among species. Among adults, bream Abramis brama, white bream Blicca bjoerkna and roach Rutilus rutilus were associated with beaches and stump fields, whereas perch Perca fluviatilis, ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus, asp Aspius aspius and pike Esox lucius were associated with rubble slopes. Bream, white bream, bleak Alburnus alburnus, roach, ruffe and pikeperch Sander lucioperca were associated with beaches among juveniles, whereas the only juvenile associated with rubble slopes was perch. We showed that most common species are associated with distinct habitats and also that utilisation of various littoral habitats differs in general.     

网络嵌入性、商业模式创新与企业竞争优势关系研究

基于商业模式创新中介效应，依据全国314家企业问卷调查的样本数据，运用多元线性回归方法，考量网络嵌入性、商业模式创新和企业竞争优势之间关系，结果发现：关系嵌入性、结构嵌入性与竞争优势均有显著的正向关系；商业模式创新在关系嵌入性、结构嵌入性与企业竞争优势的关系中起着中介作用。鉴此，企业应注重构建不同形式的网络嵌入，推动商业模式的调整与变革，以提高企业竞争优势。     

带常利率和相依结构更新风险模型的破产概率

研究了一类具有常利率及相依结构的Sparre Andersen模型, 模型中假设理赔间隔时间决定下一次理赔额的分布情况. 对一般分布情形, 利用推广后的调节系数方程与递归更新技巧, 得到了此模型的最终破产概率上界的估计. 最后以理赔额和理赔间隔时间都服从指数分布的情况下的实例分析来说明该模型的有效性.     

自然降水与太行山区玉米单产形成的关系——以武安市为例

为了研究太行山区降雨量对玉米单产的变化规律,指导玉米实际生产。本研究选择武安市降雨量和玉米单产为研究对象,采用散点图、建立线性方程、线性回归显著性分析等方法,通过统计、对比描述等方式,分析武安市降雨量对玉米单产的关系。结果表明,降雨与玉米的单产之间具有一定关系,且生育期降雨量对玉米单产具有显著性影响。(1)在490 mm降雨范围内,玉米的单产随着降雨量的增加而增加,大于490 mm降雨时,玉米的单产与降雨量负相关。(2)玉米的单产受7月和8月的降雨量影响显著,且降雨量约278 mm时,玉米的单产较大。     

重庆南温泉洗浴废水用作植物灌溉水的可行性研究

重庆市温泉资源丰富,温泉洗浴废水运用于绿地灌溉可以节约成本,缓解城市的水危机。温泉洗浴废水对植物生长有正负两方面的影响,与植物的种类,温泉洗浴废水的水质等因素有关。实验以重庆市常见的两种绿地植物——冷水花木春菊为研究对象,对温泉洗浴废水中影响植物生长的pH、固体悬浮物、高锰酸钾,总溶解性固体4个常见指标进行了浓度值对比实验。运用对相对电导率拟合Logistic方程求半致死浓度值的方法,确定绿地植物所能耐受的上限阀值。以此为基础对温泉废水进行相关处理,使温泉废水既可以达到灌溉绿地的水质标准,又能最大限度地降低废水处理成本,从而充分利用水资源。     

猪基因组结构变异研究进展

结构变异（structural variation,SV）广泛分布在基因组中,并主要以缺失、插入、重复、倒位和易位的形式出现。SV可以通过不同的机制直接或间接影响基因剂量,从而导致畜禽的表型变异,甚至引起疾病。随着分子生物学的发展和新基因组技术的进步,SV在猪基因组的研究越来越多,主要包括繁殖性状、肉质性状、生长性状、毛色、疾病等。本文参考了国内外相关报道,对SV的定义、分类、形成机制、检测方法以及在猪基因组的研究进展进行综述,并对目前SV研究存在的问题提出了建议以及未来的研究趋势进行了展望。     

展青霉孢子数与棒曲霉毒素含量关系的研究

重点研究展青霉在苹果汁培养基中、在静置培养和振荡培养2种培养方式下,生成的孢子数目与其棒曲霉素含量之间的关系。根据实验数据绘制出了二者之间的关系曲线,利用回归方法建立了二者的关系曲线方程。研究结果证实,展青霉在培养过程中产生的孢子数目与其棒曲霉素含量之间存在着一定的数量关系。